1
UI - 1
AU - Modesto-Lowe V
AU - Burleson JA
AU - Hersh D
AU - Bauer LO
AU - Kranzler HR
AD - Alcohol
Research Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington 06030, USA
TI - Effects of
naltrexone on cue-elicited craving for alcohol and cocaine
AB - This study
examined the effects of naltrexone (50 mg/day) on mood and self-reported desire
for alcohol and cocaine in 26 patients with comorbid alcohol and cocaine
abuse/dependence. Two laboratory sessions were conducted, separated by 1 week.
During the sessions, subjects viewed 5-min films containing either cocaine,
alcohol, or neutral cues. The first session occurred prior to random assignment
to medication group and the second session was held after 1 week of
double-blind treatment with either naltrexone or placebo. The cocaine-related
film induced a greater desire to use cocaine than the desire for alcohol that
was induced by the alcohol-related film. This finding was observed using both a
simple, one-item analog scale administered during the films and more complex
craving questionnaires administered immediately after the films. Collectively,
the alcohol and cocaine-related films evoked greater levels of self-reported
anxiety and elation, and lower levels of concentration, than the neutral film.
Naltrexone did not differ from placebo in reducing the desire to use either
cocaine or alcohol
MH - Adolescence
MH - Adult
MH - Affect
MH - drug effects
MH - Alcoholism
MH - complications
MH - diagnosis
MH - drug therapy
MH - Cocaine-Related
Disorders
MH - Comparative
Study
MH - Double-Blind
Method
MH - Female
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Middle Age
MH - Naltrexone
MH - pharmacology
MH - Narcotic
Antagonists
MH - therapeutic use
MH - Psychiatric
Status Rating Scales
MH - Questionnaires
MH - Severity of
Illness Index
MH -
Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
MH - Time Factors
MH - Visual
Perception
MH - physiology
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 98135561LA
- EngRN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists)RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone)PT - CLINICAL
TRIALPT - JOURNAL ARTICLEPT - RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALID -
P50-DA04060/DA/NIDAID - P50-AA03510/AA/NIAAAID - T32-AA07290/AA/NIAAAID - +DA -
19980518IS - 0376-8716SB - MCY - IRELANDJC - EBSAA - AuthorEM - 199807
UR - PM:0009476694
SO - Drug Alcohol Depend
1997 Dec ;49(1):9-16
2
UI - 2
AU - Van Ree JM
AD - Department of
Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute for Neurosciences, University of Utrecht,
Netherlands
TI - Endorphins and
experimental addiction
AB - Animal studies
suggest that the endogenous opioid systems in the brain play an important role
in the initiation and maintenance of drug dependence. Opioids in the ventral
tegmental area (VTA) may be involved in rewarded behaviors and, consequently,
in the initiation of drug self- administration that may be associated with
addiction proneness. Opioids in the limbic forebrain are particularly
implicated in subsequent drug self-administration, which may be associated with
craving, maintenance, and relapse. Alcohol intake in monkeys is reduced after
treatment with naltrexone in a graded, dose-dependent manner. Naltrexone also
is associated with a greater decrease in alcohol consumption after imposed
abstinence. These findings support the idea that endorphins play a role in
alcohol-drinking behavior, particularly after a period of abstinence during the
so-called catch-up phenomenon. Recent studies of recovering alcoholic patients
provide evidence that opiate antagonists attenuate the craving for alcohol and
decrease and/or postpone relapse into addictive behavior
MH - Alcohol
Drinking
MH - Animal
MH - Brain
MH - metabolism
MH - Cocaine
MH - administration
& dosage
MH - Disease
Models,Animal
MH - Endorphins
MH - physiology
MH - Macaca mulatta
MH - Male
MH - Naltrexone
MH - pharmacology
MH - Narcotic
Antagonists
MH - Rats
MH -
Substance-Related Disorders
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 96435044LA
- EngRN - 0 (Endorphins)RN - 0 (Narcotic Antagonists)RN - 16590-41-3
(Naltrexone)RN - 50-36-2 (Cocaine)PT - JOURNAL ARTICLEPT - REVIEWPT - REVIEW,
TUTORIALDA - 19961202IS - 0741-8329SB - MCY - UNITED STATESJC - AG9AA -
AuthorEM - 199702
UR - PM:0008837930
SO - Alcohol 1996
Jan ;13(1):25-30
3
UI - 3
AU - Gerra G
AU - Fertonani G
AU - Zaimovic A
AU - Rota-Graziosi I
AU - Avanzini P
AU - Caccavari R
AU - Delsignore R
AU - Lucchini A
AD - Addiction
Research Center, Ser.T.-A.U.S.L. Parma, Italy
TI - Hostility in
heroin abusers subtypes: fluoxetine and naltrexone treatment
AB - 1. Substance
abusers subtypes have been identified considering underlying psychobiological
disorder, familial factors, age of onset, legal problems and drug of choice. 2.
In the present study the authors submitted 98 male heroin addicted individuals
(age 19-28 y) to the Buss Durkee Hostility Inventory (Italian version) and a
structured interview concerning social and clinical history; legal problems,
age of onset of drug abuse, drug of choice. 3. Serotonergic system sensitivity
was evaluated with fenfluramine challenge for PRL assay. 4. Thirty two patients
(group A) showed high score for resentment and guilt at BDHI (hostility in),
low rate of legal problems, late age of onset, preference for heroin and
alcohol. Twenty nine patients (group B) showed high score for assault and
irritability at BDHI (hostility out), high rate of legal problems, early age of
onset, preference for heroin and cocaine. The other 37 patients (group C)
showed aggression score in the normal range at BDHI, no legal problems, late
onset of substance abuse, preference for heroin only. 5. PRL responses was
blunted in group A (p < 0.001) and significantly decreased in group B (p
< 0.05). PRL plasma levels were inversely correlated with HRSD scores. 6.
All the patients were included in a treatment protocol with fluoxetine and
naltrexone or placebo and naltrexone for 6 months. 7. The treatment was
effective in group A with a significant improvement of BDHI results and
decrease of craving score, lower level of drop out, lower level of positive
urine controls. No significant differences between fluoxetine and placebo
effects have been evidenced in patients of group B and C. The present findings
suggest that psychopharmacological approach to addiction needs a diagnostic
screening for specific subtypes
MH - Adult
MH - Aggression
MH - psychology
MH - Antidepressive
Agents,Second-Generation
MH -
pharmacokinetics
MH - therapeutic use
MH - Fenfluramine
MH - diagnostic use
MH - Fluoxetine
MH - Heroin
Dependence
MH - drug therapy
MH - Hostility
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Naltrexone
MH - Narcotic
Antagonists
MH - Neurosecretory
Systems
MH - drug effects
MH - physiology
MH - Psychiatric
Status Rating Scales
MH - Treatment
Outcome
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 97021845LA
- EngRN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation)RN - 0 (Narcotic
Antagonists)RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone)RN - 458-24-2 (Fenfluramine)RN -
54910-89-3 (Fluoxetine)PT - CLINICAL TRIALPT - CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALPT -
JOURNAL ARTICLEDA - 19961115IS - 0278-5846SB - MCY - ENGLANDJC - Q45AA -
AuthorEM - 199701RO - M:RCT
UR - PM:0008868205
SO - Prog
Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1995 Dec ;19(8):1225-1237
4
UI - 4
AU - Van Ree JM
AU - Kornet M
AU - Goosen C
AD - Department of
Pharmacology, Rudolf Magnus Institute, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
TI - Neuropeptides
and alcohol addiction in monkeys
AB - Neuropeptides
have been implicated in experimental drug addiction. Desglycinamide (Arg8)
vasopressin (DGAVP) attenuates heroin and cocaine intake during initiation of
drug self-administration in rats. beta- Endorphin is self-administered in rats
and a role of endogenous opioids in cocaine reward has been proposed. The
present studies deal with voluntary alcohol consumption in monkeys under free
choice conditions. Monkeys initiated alcohol drinking within a few days and
after a stable drinking pattern was acquired increased their ethanol
consumption during a short period following interruption of the alcohol supply
(relapse). The alcohol drinking behavior seems under the control of
reinforcement principles. DGAVP reduced the acquisition of alcohol drinking in
the majority of treated monkeys. Initiation of alcohol drinking induced
modifications in neuroendocrine homeostasis e.g. an increased plasma
beta-endorphin. Both the opioid antagonist naltrexone and the opioid agonist
morphine dose-dependently decreased alcohol intake during continuous supply and
after imposed abstinence. The monkeys were more sensitive to both drugs after
imposed abstinence. The effects are interpreted in the context of the endorphin
compensation hypothesis of addictive behavior. It is suggested that endorphins
may be particularly implicated in craving for addictive drugs and in relapse of
addictive behavior
MH - beta-Endorphin
MH - blood
MH - physiology
MH - Alcoholism
MH - prevention
& control
MH - physiopathology
MH - psychology
MH - Animal
MH - Ethanol
MH - administration
& dosage
MH - Human
MH - Macaca mulatta
MH - Male
MH - Morphine
MH - pharmacology
MH - Naltrexone
MH - Neuropeptides
MH - Rats
MH - Reinforcement
(Psychology)
MH - Self
Administration
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 94305281LA
- EngRN - 0 (Neuropeptides)RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone)RN - 57-27-2
(Morphine)RN - 60617-12-1 (beta-Endorphin)RN - 64-17-5 (Ethanol)PT - JOURNAL
ARTICLEPT - REVIEWPT - REVIEW, TUTORIALDA - 19940812SB - MCY - SWITZERLANDJC - BFZAA
- AuthorEM - 199410
UR - PM:0008032147
SO - EXS 1994 ;71():165-174
5
UI - 5
AU - O'Connor PG
AU - Waugh ME
AU - Schottenfeld RS
AU - Diakogiannis IA
AU - Rounsaville BJ
AD - Department of
Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
TI - Ambulatory
opiate detoxification and primary care: a role for the primary care physician
[see comments]
AB - To determine
the feasibility of primary care-based ambulatory opiate detoxification (AOD)
and an optimal regimen, the authors conducted a pilot study of AOD in a medical
clinic comparing two regimens: clonidine and clonidine plus naltrexone.
Sixty-two opiate addicts who had been referred for AOD had the following
features: mean age was 34 years, 75% were male, 74% used cocaine, and 64%
shared needles. Initially, 40 patients selected clonidine, 22
clonidine/naltrexone. The groups (clonidine and clonidine/naltrexone) were
similar in baseline features, including: craving scores (44/100 vs. 42/100) and
withdrawal scores (20/72 vs. 17/72). Overall, 61% (38/62) of initial AODs were
successful, including 43% (17/40) of those using clonidine and 95% (21/22) of
those using clonidine/naltrexone (p less than 0.0001). Of 45 patients who
ultimately completed AOD, 78% (35/45) remained in treatment for at least one
month
MH - Adult
MH - Clonidine
MH - therapeutic use
MH - Comparative
Study
MH - Drug
Therapy,Combination
MH - Feasibility
Studies
MH - Female
MH - Human
MH - Male
MH - Metabolic
Detoxication,Drug
MH - Naltrexone
MH - Narcotics
MH - adverse effects
MH -
pharmacokinetics
MH - Opioid-Related
Disorders
MH - drug therapy
MH - metabolism
MH - Physician's
Role
MH - Pilot Projects
MH - Primary Health
Care
MH - Substance
Withdrawal Syndrome
MH -
Support,U.S.Gov't,P.H.S.
MH - Treatment
Outcome
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 93019668LA
- EngRN - 0 (Narcotics)RN - 16590-41-3 (Naltrexone)RN - 4205-90-7 (Clonidine)PT
- JOURNAL ARTICLEID - 5R18DA05758/DA/NIDADA - 19921104IS - 0884-8734SB - MCY -
UNITED STATESJC - JGIAA - AuthorEM - 199301RO - M:CNRRO - M:LC1
UR - PM:0001403211
SO - J Gen Intern
Med 1992 Sep ;7(5):532-534
6
UI - 6
AU - Yanagita T
AD - Preclinical
Research Division, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan
TI - [Overview of
the progress in drug dependence studies--mainly focussing on psychic
dependence]
AB - The technical
term 'drug dependence' was officially adopted by WHO's Expert Committee on
Addiction in 1964. Until this, to describe a state of dependence, terms such as
'poisoning', 'habit', 'ism', and 'addiction' had been used from time to time.
Until the 1950's, investigators were mainly focussed on the phenomena of
physical dependence. However, once the concept of psychic dependence had been
introduced, behavioral and neuropharmacological studies on the modes of drug
action that produce psychic dependence were activated and have progressed in
the last two decades, and among the points clarified by these studies are the
following: 1. The critical drug properties that produce psychic dependence are
those of rewarding subjective and reinforcing effects of drugs but these
effects are not the properties that produce physical dependence, although the
development of physical dependence on particular drugs such as opiates may
substantially enhance craving for the drugs. 2. The mesolimbic and mesocortical
dopamine systems in the brain and also the N. Accumbens play a primary or at
least a partial role in producing the subjective and reinforcing effects of
major dependence-producing drugs such as cocaine, opiates, barbiturates,
benzodiazepines, and ethanol. 3. Many drugs such as naltrexone, methadone, and
some dopamine antagonists and serotonin reuptake inhibitors or antagonists were
found to be effective in the pharmacotherapy of the dependence on opiates,
cocaine, or ethanol
MH - Animal
MH - Benzodiazepines
MH - therapeutic use
MH - English
Abstract
MH - Haloperidol
MH - Human
MH - Limbic System
MH - physiology
MH - Methadone
MH - Naloxone
MH -
Receptors,Dopamine
MH -
Substance-Related Disorders
MH - drug therapy
MH - psychology
RP - NOT IN FILE
NT - UI - 93051822LA
- JpnRN - 0 (Benzodiazepines)RN - 0 (Receptors, Dopamine)RN - 465-65-6
(Naloxone)RN - 52-86-8 (Haloperidol)RN - 76-99-3 (Methadone)PT - JOURNAL
ARTICLEPT - REVIEWPT - REVIEW, TUTORIALDA - 19921211IS - 0015-5691SB - MCY -
JAPANJC - F2XAA - AuthorEM - 199302
UR - PM:0001427500
SO - Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1992 Aug ;100(2):97-107